IL-4 Monoclonal / PE / BVD4-1D11
Product Details
| Description | Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is predominantly secreted by activated CD4+ memory and effector Tʜ2 cells, basophils, and mast cells. It induces and supports humoral immune responses for the neutralization of extracellular pathogens. The Tʜ2 types of immune mechanisms can also be involved in immunological disorders such as IgE-mediated allergy. | The Anti-IL‑4 antibody has been designed for intracellular staining of IL‑4–producing cells. Cells can be stimulated for IL‑4–production, e.g., by polyclonal stimulation with mitogens. For induction of IL‑4 production by antigen-specific T cells, cells are restimulated with respective antigen. IL‑4 can be accumulated in the cells by addition of secretion inhibitors like brefeldin A. After fixation and permeabilization of the cell sample, IL‑4–producing cells can be stained intracellularly with the Anti-IL‑4 antibody. Staining of surface markers allows simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of subsets and activation status of the IL‑4–producing cells. Magnetically enriched cells can be stained intracellularly for IL‑4 production directly on the MACS Column. This procedure ensures higher sensitivity of detection and minimizes loss of cells during washing procedures for cytokine analysis of rare cells, e.g., CD4+ T cells in HIV patients, or other cell sources than peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), e.g., bronchoalveolar lavages, or synovial fluids. | |
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| Conjugate | PE | |
| Clone | BVD4-1D11 | |
| Target Species | Mouse | |
| Applications | FC | |
| Supplier | Miltenyi Biotec | |
| Catalog # | Sign in to view product details, citations, and spectra | |
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About IL-4
The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells. This cytokine is a ligand for interleukin 4 receptor. The interleukin 4 receptor also binds to IL13, which may contribute to many overlapping functions of this cytokine and IL13. STAT6, a signal transducer and activator of transcription, has been shown to play a central role in mediating the immune regulatory signal of this cytokine. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL13, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL13. This gene, IL13 and IL5 are found to be regulated coordinately by several long-range regulatory elements in an over 120 kilobase range on the chromosome. IL4 is considered an important cytokine for tissue repair, counterbalancing the effects of proinflammatory type 1 cytokines, however, it also promotes allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, IL-4, a type 2 cytokine, mediates and regulates a variety of human host responses such as allergic, anti-parasitic, wound healing, and acute inflammation. This cytokine has been reported to promote resolution of neutrophil-mediated acute lung injury. In an allergic response, IL-4 has an essential role in the production of allergen-specific immunoglobin (Ig) E. This pro-inflammatory cytokine has been observed to be increased in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) patients, but is not necessarily associated with severe COVID-19 pathology. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]
The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells. This cytokine is a ligand for interleukin 4 receptor. The interleukin 4 receptor also binds to IL13, which may contribute to many overlapping functions of this cytokine and IL13. STAT6, a signal transducer and activator of transcription, has been shown to play a central role in mediating the immune regulatory signal of this cytokine. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL13, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL13. This gene, IL13 and IL5 are found to be regulated coordinately by several long-range regulatory elements in an over 120 kilobase range on the chromosome. IL4 is considered an important cytokine for tissue repair, counterbalancing the effects of proinflammatory type 1 cytokines, however, it also promotes allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, IL-4, a type 2 cytokine, mediates and regulates a variety of human host responses such as allergic, anti-parasitic, wound healing, and acute inflammation. This cytokine has been reported to promote resolution of neutrophil-mediated acute lung injury. In an allergic response, IL-4 has an essential role in the production of allergen-specific immunoglobin (Ig) E. This pro-inflammatory cytokine has been observed to be increased in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) patients, but is not necessarily associated with severe COVID-19 pathology. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]
About PE
Phycoerythrin (PE, R-PE) is a red-emitting fluorescent protein-chromophore complex that can be excited the 488-nm blue, 532-nm green, or 561-nm yellow-green laser with increasing efficiency and captured with a 586/14 nm bandpass filter. PE has an excitation peak at 565 nm and an emission peak at 578 nm. PE is 240kD in size and has an extinction coefficient of ~2x10^6 which makes it one of the brightest fluorophores available and a potent donor upon which to build tandem fluorophores with longer Stoke's Shifts.
Phycoerythrin (PE, R-PE) is a red-emitting fluorescent protein-chromophore complex that can be excited the 488-nm blue, 532-nm green, or 561-nm yellow-green laser with increasing efficiency and captured with a 586/14 nm bandpass filter. PE has an excitation peak at 565 nm and an emission peak at 578 nm. PE is 240kD in size and has an extinction coefficient of ~2x10^6 which makes it one of the brightest fluorophores available and a potent donor upon which to build tandem fluorophores with longer Stoke's Shifts.
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